Shoulder mobility impacts everyday activities, from brushing your hair to reaching for items on a high shelf. At the center of this mobility is the rotator cuff, a group of muscles and tendons that allow the shoulder joint to move. Learn about rotator cuff tears, how theys occur, and their impact on shoulder function:
What Is a Rotator Cuff?
The rotator cuff consists of four muscles and their associated tendons surrounding the shoulder joint. These components work together to stabilize the shoulder’s ball-and-socket joint while allowing a wide range of motion. When you lift, rotate, or move your arm, the rotator cuff helps hold the shoulder socket’s upper arm bone (the humerus). This intricate system provides flexibility and supports the shoulder during physical activities requiring strength and precision.
What Causes Rotator Cuff Tears?
A rotator cuff tear can happen when the tendons or muscles in the shoulder become damaged. Tears can develop gradually or occur suddenly due to injury. For instance, a sharp fall, using repetitive overhead motions, or lifting a heavy object can create conditions where the rotator cuff becomes strained or torn.
Age is another factor linked to rotator cuff injuries. Over time, wear and tear can weaken tendons, making them more susceptible to tears. This is particularly true for individuals over the age of 40. Additionally, athletes who participate in sports like tennis, baseball, or swimming often experience repetitive stress on their shoulders, increasing the likelihood of a tear.
How Do Tears Impact Shoulder Function?
When the rotator cuff is torn, shoulder mobility can become limited, and discomfort may arise. A tear in this area may lead to challenges in performing basic tasks. Some individuals report a loss of strength in the affected shoulder, while others experience stiffness, making certain movements difficult. More severe tears can impact athletic performance, especially in sports that require constant shoulder movement.
Tears can also disrupt sleep if lying on the injured side causes discomfort. The degree to which shoulder function is affected depends on the severity of the tear. Some individuals can adapt to a minor tear with simple adjustments in their daily routine, while others may find that more significant damage limits their ability to use their shoulder fully.
What Are Two Types of Rotator Cuff Tears?
Rotator cuff tears are categorized into two types based on their severity and extent. Partial and complete tears require different treatment routes. Here are some of the characteristics of these two tear types:
Partial Tear
A partial tear occurs when only a portion of the tendon is damaged. Instead of the tendon being wholly severed, partial tears involve fraying or thinning. While still attached to the bone, the affected tendon may not function as efficiently as usual. Individuals with partial tears often find specific movements uncomfortable or notice a decrease in motion. However, the structural connection of the tendon remains intact, reducing the severity of the tear compared to a complete tear.
Complete Tear
A complete tear, also called a full-thickness tear, occurs when the tendon is entirely separated from the bone. With no attachment remaining, the affected tendon can no longer support shoulder movement in the usual way. This may result in significant weakness, making lifting the arm or performing specific tasks difficult. These tears may happen suddenly, such as during accidents or heavy lifting, but they can also develop over time as tendons degrade.
Find an Orthopedic Surgeon
Rotator cuff tears can affect how you move and use your shoulder, whether the tear is minor or severe. From understanding the rotator cuff’s role to recognizing how tears impact function, knowing this information can help individuals approach shoulder health with better awareness. If you’ve recently experienced a shoulder injury or feel limited in your shoulder’s mobility, consulting with a healthcare professional could help you better understand your options for recovery.